Name | Amarogentin Hydrate |
Synonyms | AMAROGENTIN Amarogentin Amarogentin Hydrate Amarogentin Hydrate Amarogentin from Gentia lutea 2-(4aS-(4aalpha,5beta,6alpha))-3,3',5-Trihydroxy-(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-carboxylate (4aS)-6α-[2-O-[(3,3',5-Trihydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy]-5β-vinyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one (4aS,5R,6S)-5-ethenyl-1-oxo-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-6-yl 2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxybiphenyl-2-yl)carbonyl]-beta-D-glucopyranoside 1H,3H-Pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-1-one, 5-ethenyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-6-[[2-O-[(3,3',5-trihydroxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)carbonyl]-β-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-, (4aS,5R,6S)- 1H,3H-Pyrano(3,4-c)pyran-1-one, 5-ethenyl-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-6-((2-O-((3,3',5-trihydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-2-yl)carbonyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-, (4aS,5R,6S)- (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3',5-trihydroxy-, 2-ester with 5-ethenyl-6-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-1H,3H-pyrano(3,4-c)pyran-1-one, (4aS-(4aalpha,5beta,6alpha))- |
CAS | 21018-84-8 |
InChI | InChI=1/C29H30O13/c1-2-16-17-6-7-38-26(36)19(17)12-39-28(16)42-29-25(24(35)23(34)21(11-30)40-29)41-27(37)22-18(9-15(32)10-20(22)33)13-4-3-5-14(31)8-13/h2-5,8-10,12,16-17,21,23-25,28-35H,1,6-7,11H2/t16-,17+,21-,23-,24+,25-,28+,29+/m1/s1 |
Molecular Formula | C29H30O13 |
Molar Mass | 586.54 |
Density | 1.59±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 229-230° (monohydrate) |
Boling Point | 928.5±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
Specific Rotation(α) | D20 -116.6° (methanol) |
Flash Point | 306.9°C |
Solubility | DMSO : 130 mg/mL (221.64 mM; Need ultrasonic) |
Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White crystalline powder |
pKa | 7.42±0.40(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Refractive Index | 1.692 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | White crystalline powder, soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMSO and other organic solvents, comes from the dry root and rhizome of the gentianaceae Gentiana scabra Bge. |
Reference Show more | 1. Han Duo, Zhao Zhilian, Liu Weihong, Li Yuehua, Li Haifeng. Quality Evaluation and Quality Equivalence of Three White Medicinal Plants of Gentiana [J]. Northern Horticultural 2016(18):165-170. 2. Han Duo, Zhao Zhilian, Liu Weihong, et al. Accumulation of Main Effective Components in Leaves of Three Gentiana Medicinal Plants [J]. 2016 47(007):865-869. 3. Han Duo, Zhao Zhilian, Liu Weihong, etc. Studies on Main Secondary Metabolites and Molecular Differences of Gentiana againa [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Presentation, 2016, 022(018):35-39. 4. Han Duo, Zhao Zhilian, Liu Weihong, et al. Preliminary Discussion on Quality Evaluation of White Medicinal Plant Gentiana [J]. Chinese Medicinal Materials, 2016, 39(011):2549-2553. 5. Jin Lin, Li Haifeng, liu Weihong, et al. Effects of methyl jasmonate on the contents of four kinds of diaoiridoids in gentian leaves [J]. China Pharmacy, 2019, 030(003):344-348. 6. [IF = 4.225] Huang Xian-ju et al."Veratrilla baillonii Franch Could Alleviate Lipid Accumulation in LO2 Cells by Regulating Oxidative, Inflammatory, and Lipid Metabolic Signaling Pathways." Front Pharmacol. 2020 Sep;0:1511 |
biological activity | Amarogentin (AG) is a kind of cleft ring ether glycoside mainly extracted from Swertia and Gentiana roots, which has antioxidant, anti-tumor and anti-diabetic effects. Amarogentin, an agonist of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R1, inhibits the production of newly synthesized TNF-α induced by substance P in LAD-2 cells. Amarogentin induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells (SNU-16) through G2/M cell cycle arrest and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Amarogentin (AG) interacts with the α2 subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and activates the trimeric kinase with an EC50 value of 277 pM. |
target | TargetValue TAS2R1 () TNF-α () AMPK () |
Target | Value |
chemical properties | white crystalline powder, soluble in methanol, ethanol, DMSO and other organic solvents, derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of the gentianaceae Gentiana scabra Bge. |
use | bitter gentioside has the effects of protecting liver, promoting gallbladder, inhibiting bacteria and diuresis. |